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他是北洋軍閥的重要代表人物，他雖出身貧寒，卻因緣際會成為袁世凱手下的一名得力幹將，後又成為手握重兵並占有大量地盤的一方軍閥：因其在軍閥爭鬥中左右逢源，在馮國璋死後，終於成為直系的新首領。後又通過賄選當上了中華民國的總統，但其合法性卻遭到了各界普遍質疑。不久，在全國的一致反對下，其勢力日益削弱，直系內部也四分五裂，終於在1924年的第二次直奉戰爭中下台，結束了其政治軍事生涯。稱雄中原的直系也受到致命打擊，從此一蹶不振……
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